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- SENDMAIL User Commands SENDMAIL
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- NNAAMMEE
- sendmail - send mail over the internet
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- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- sseennddmmaaiill [ flags ] [ address ... ]
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- nneewwaalliiaasseess
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- mmaaiillqq [ --vv ]
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- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l sends a message to one or more _r_e_c_i_p_i_e_n_t_s, routing
- the message over whatever networks are necessary. _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l
- does internetwork forwarding as necessary to deliver the
- message to the correct place.
-
- _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l is not intended as a user interface routine; other
- programs provide user-friendly front ends; _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l is used
- only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
-
- With no flags, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l reads its standard input up to an
- end-of-file or a line consisting only of a single dot and
- sends a copy of the message found there to all of the
- addresses listed. It determines the network(s) to use based
- on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
-
- Local addresses are looked up in a file and aliased
- appropriately. Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the
- address with a backslash. Normally the sender is not
- included in any alias expansions, e.g., if `john' sends to
- `group', and `group' includes `john' in the expansion, then
- the letter will not be delivered to `john'.
-
- Flags are:
-
- --bbaa Go into ARPANET mode. All input lines must end
- with a CR-LF, and all messages will be generated
- with a CR-LF at the end. Also, the ``From:''
- and ``Sender:'' fields are examined for the name
- of the sender.
-
- --bbdd Run as a daemon. This requires Berkeley IPC.
- _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l will fork and run in background listen-
- ing on socket 25 for incoming SMTP connections.
- This is normally run from /_e_t_c/_r_c.
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- --bbii Initialize the alias database.
-
- --bbmm Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
-
- --bbpp Print a listing of the queue.
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- SENDMAIL User Commands SENDMAIL
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- --bbss Use the SMTP protocol as described in RFC821 on
- standard input and output. This flag implies
- all the operations of the --bbaa flag that are com-
- patible with SMTP.
-
- --bbtt Run in address test mode. This mode reads
- addresses and shows the steps in parsing; it is
- used for debugging configuration tables.
-
- --bbvv Verify names only - do not try to collect or
- deliver a message. Verify mode is normally used
- for validating users or mailing lists.
-
- --bbzz Create the configuration freeze file.
-
- --CC_f_i_l_e Use alternate configuration file. _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l
- refuses to run as root if an alternate confi-
- guration file is specified. The frozen confi-
- guration file is bypassed.
-
- --dd_X Set debugging value to _X.
-
- --FF_f_u_l_l_n_a_m_e Set the full name of the sender.
-
- --ff_n_a_m_e Sets the name of the ``from'' person (i.e., the
- sender of the mail). --ff can only be used by
- ``trusted'' users (normally _r_o_o_t, _d_a_e_m_o_n, and
- _n_e_t_w_o_r_k) or if the person you are trying to
- become is the same as the person you are.
-
- --hh_N Set the hop count to _N. The hop count is incre-
- mented every time the mail is processed. When
- it reaches a limit, the mail is returned with an
- error message, the victim of an aliasing loop.
- If not specified, ``Received:'' lines in the
- message are counted.
-
- --nn Don't do aliasing.
-
- --oo_x_v_a_l_u_e Set option _x to the specified _v_a_l_u_e. Options are
- described below.
-
- --qq[[_t_i_m_e]] Processed saved messages in the queue at given
- intervals. If _t_i_m_e is omitted, process the
- queue once. _T_i_m_e is given as a tagged number,
- with `s' being seconds, `m' being minutes, `h'
- being hours, `d' being days, and `w' being
- weeks. For example, ``-q1h30m'' or ``-q90m''
- would both set the timeout to one hour thirty
- minutes. If _t_i_m_e is specified, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l will
- run in background. This option can be used
- safely with --bbdd.
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- SENDMAIL User Commands SENDMAIL
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- --rr_n_a_m_e An alternate and obsolete form of the --ff flag.
-
- --tt Read message for recipients. To:, Cc:, and Bcc:
- lines will be scanned for recipient addresses.
- The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmis-
- sion. Any addresses in the argument list will
- be suppressed, that is, they will _n_o_t receive
- copies even if listed in the message header.
-
- --vv Go into verbose mode. Alias expansions will be
- announced, etc.
-
- There are also a number of processing options that may be
- set. Normally these will only be used by a system adminis-
- trator. Options may be set either on the command line using
- the --oo flag or in the configuration file. These are
- described in detail in the _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_-
- _t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e. The options are:
-
- A_f_i_l_e Use alternate alias file.
-
- c On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to
- connect to, don't initiate immediate connection.
- This requires queueing.
-
- d_x Set the delivery mode to _x. Delivery modes are
- `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery, `b'
- for background (asynchronous) delivery, and `q'
- for queue only - i.e., actual delivery is done
- the next time the queue is run.
-
- D Try to automatically rebuild the alias database
- if necessary.
-
- e_x Set error processing to mode _x. Valid modes are
- `m' to mail back the error message, `w' to
- ``write'' back the error message (or mail it
- back if the sender is not logged in), `p' to
- print the errors on the terminal (default), `q'
- to throw away error messages (only exit status
- is returned), and `e' to do special processing
- for the BerkNet. If the text of the message is
- not mailed back by modes `m' or `w' and if the
- sender is local to this machine, a copy of the
- message is appended to the file ``dead.letter''
- in the sender's home directory.
-
- F_m_o_d_e The mode to use when creating temporary files.
-
- f Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of mes-
- sages.
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- SENDMAIL User Commands SENDMAIL
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- g_N The default group id to use when calling
- mailers.
-
- H_f_i_l_e The SMTP help file.
-
- i Do not take dots on a line by themselves as a
- message terminator.
-
- L_n The log level.
-
- m Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an
- alias expansion.
-
- o If set, this message may have old style headers.
- If not set, this message is guaranteed to have
- new style headers (i.e., commas instead of
- spaces between addresses). If set, an adaptive
- algorithm is used that will correctly determine
- the header format in most cases.
-
- Q_q_u_e_u_e_d_i_r Select the directory in which to queue messages.
-
- r_t_i_m_e_o_u_t The timeout on reads; if none is set, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l
- will wait forever for a mailer. This option
- violates the word (if not the intent) of the
- SMTP specification, show the timeout should
- probably be fairly large.
-
- S_f_i_l_e Save statistics in the named file.
-
- s Always instantiate the queue file, even under
- circumstances where it is not strictly neces-
- sary. This provides safety against system
- crashes during delivery.
-
- T_t_i_m_e Set the timeout on undelivered messages in the
- queue to the specified time. After delivery has
- failed (e.g., because of a host being down) for
- this amount of time, failed messages will be
- returned to the sender. The default is three
- days.
-
- t_s_t_z,_d_t_z Set the name of the time zone.
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- u_N Set the default user id for mailers.
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- In aliases, the first character of a name may be a vertical
- bar to cause interpretation of the rest of the name as a
- command to pipe the mail to. It may be necessary to quote
- the name to keep _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l from suppressing the blanks from
- between arguments. For example, a common alias is:
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- SENDMAIL User Commands SENDMAIL
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- msgs: "|/usr/ucb/msgs -s"
-
- Aliases may also have the syntax ``:include:_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e'' to
- ask _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l to read the named file for a list of reci-
- pients. For example, an alias such as:
-
- poets: ":include:/usr/local/lib/poets.list"
-
- would read /_u_s_r/_l_o_c_a_l/_l_i_b/_p_o_e_t_s._l_i_s_t for the list of
- addresses making up the group.
-
- _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l returns an exit status describing what it did. The
- codes are defined in <_s_y_s_e_x_i_t_s._h>
- EX_OK Successful completion on all addresses.
- EX_NOUSER User name not recognized.
- EX_UNAVAILABLE Catchall meaning necessary resources
- were not available.
- EX_SYNTAX Syntax error in address.
- EX_SOFTWARE Internal software error, including bad
- arguments.
- EX_OSERR Temporary operating system error, such
- as "cannot fork".
- EX_NOHOST Host name not recognized.
- EX_TEMPFAIL Message could not be sent immediately,
- but was queued.
-
- If invoked as _n_e_w_a_l_i_a_s_e_s, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l will rebuild the alias
- database. If invoked as _m_a_i_l_q, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l will print the con-
- tents of the mail queue.
-
- FFIILLEESS
- Except for /usr/lib/sendmail.cf, these pathnames are all
- specified in /usr/lib/sendmail.cf. Thus, these values are
- only approximations.
-
- /usr/lib/aliases raw data for alias names
- /usr/lib/aliases.pag
- /usr/lib/aliases.dir data base of alias names
- /usr/lib/sendmail.cf configuration file
- /usr/lib/sendmail.fc frozen configuration
- /usr/lib/sendmail.hf help file
- /usr/lib/sendmail.st collected statistics
- /usr/spool/mqueue/* temp files
-
- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- binmail(1), mail(1), rmail(1), syslog(3), aliases(5),
- sendmail.cf(5), mailaddr(7), rc(8);
- DARPA Internet Request For Comments RFC819, RFC821, RFC822;
- _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l - _A_n _I_n_t_e_r_n_e_t_w_o_r_k _M_a_i_l _R_o_u_t_e_r (SMM:16);
- _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e (SMM:7)
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